Thermal Power Plant Study Guide
STUDY OF THERMAL POWER PLANT MAIN EQUIPMENT OF TPP Boilers Turbo-Generator Turbo-Blower Chemical Water Treatment Plant CDCP Boilers Back Pressure Turbine Station Chilled Water Plant-1 & 2 Gas Expansion Turbine Station BOILER ACCESSORIES: Economizer: It is located below the LPSH in the boiler and above pre heater. It is there to improve the efficiency of boiler by extracting heat from flue gases to heat water and send it to boiler drum. Advantages of Economizer include 1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler plant. 2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and enter boiler tube at elevated temperature. The heat transfer area required for evaporation reduced considerably. Air Preheater: The heat carried out with the flue gases coming out of economizer are further utilized for preheating the air before supplying to the combustion chamber.
It is a necessary equipment for supply of hot air for drying the coal in pulverized fuel systems to facilitate grinding and satisfactory combustion of fuel in the furnace Reheater: Power plant furnaces may have a reheater section containing tubes heated by hot flue gases outside the tubes. Exhaust steam from the high pressure turbine is rerouted to go inside the reheater tubes to pick up more energy to go drive intermediate or lower pressure turbines. AUXILIARIES OF TPP These include coal conveyors, cooling towers & pump house No.4 for cooling water system, pump houses for ash water, ash slurry, fire water and fuel oil & HSD, air compressor station emergency Diesel Generators, electric switch gear for power distribution, ventilation and air conditioning equipment etc. The entire power generated at Back Pressure Turbine Station and Gas Expansion Turbine Station is transmitted over 11 KV cable to power plant, stepped up through a 220 KV transformer at LBSS5 and transferred to plant grid Thermal Power Plant has 5 Boilers each of 330 T/hr. Steam capacity at 101 KSCA and 540oC. The Boilers are of BHEL make, capable of firing combination of fuels namely Coal, Coke Oven Gas, Blast Furnace Gas and Oil.
Crushed coal is conveyed from Raw Material Handling Plant to TPP through conveyors. The Coal is pulverized in Bow Mills and fired in the furnace. Normally 4 Boilers are kept in full load operation to produce 247.5 MW of power, supply steam to 2 Turbo Blowers and process needs. Boilers outlet flue gas is passed through Electro Static Precipitators to control air pollution.
The Fly ash and Bottom ash generated are pumped in slurry form to Ash Pond through on ground pipelines. The clarified water is recirculated back to ash system. BOILERS TURBO GENERATORS: Thermal power plant has 4 Turbo Generators, three of 60 MW capacity each and the fourth 67.5 MW. Special features of the turbo sets are:- Electro Hydraulic Turbine Governing System. Controlled extractions at 13 ata and 4 ata for process steam needs in TG 1, 2 & 3. Central admission of steam to reduce axial thrust, Air cooled Generators.
Power is generated and distributed at 11 KV for essential category loads. Excess power from TG- 1, 2 and 3 is transferred to 220 KV Plant Grid through step up/down transformers. All the Power Generated from TG-4 at 11 KV is stepped up through a 220 KV transformer and transferred to plant grid. TURBO BLOWERS: VSP has 2 Blast Furnaces. To meet the blast air requirement, 3 Turbo Blowers, each of 6067 NM3/ min. Capacity, are installed at TPP.
These blowers are of axial type and are the largest blowers installed in India. To meet the varying needs of Blast Furnace, the blowers are provided with adjustable stator guide blades in the tower pressure compression stages. The blowers are provided with suction filters, precoolers and inter coolers. TURBO GENERATORS & BLOWERS CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT PLANT (CWTP): Chemical Water Treatment Plant located in TPP zone produces high purity Demineralized Water and Soft Water.
There are six streams of demineralizing units each capable of producing 125 cubic meters per hour and two softening units of 125 cu. Meters per hour each. DM water is supplied to TPP, Steel Melt Shop. CDCP Boilers at Coke Ovens and Roiling Mills, Soft water is supplied to Chilled Water Plant I, II and SMS mould cooling. The return condensate from Thermal Power Plant, Chilled Water Plant No.1 and Chilled Water Plant No.2 is polished at CWTP in 2 streams, each of 100 cub.M/hr. All the demineralized water produced/polished at CWTP is deaerated and dosed with Ammonia before pumping to consumers.
6 deaerators are installed at CWTP for this purpose. CHILLED WATER PLANT NO.2 (CWP-2): Chilled Water Plant No.2 located in TPP zone is having nine chillers, each having a chilling capacity of 337 cub. Meters of water per hour.
The chillers operate on liquid absorption technique having Lithium Bromide cycle. The chilled water is supplied to TPP, Blast Furnace and Sinter Plant for air conditioning purpose at 70 C. The return water temperature is 160 C. Steam and cooling water requirements are met by TPP and Pump House No.4 respectively. CDCP, BPTS & CWP-1 COKE DRY COOLING PLANT (CDCP) BOILERS: In VSP, hot coke produced in the Coke Oven Batteries is cooled by circulating Nitrogen in Coke Dry Cooling Plant. The hot circulating gas is passed through Waste Heat Boilers in which steam is produced at 40 KSCA pressure and 4400 C temperature. There are three Coke Dry Cooling Plants, four Waste Heat Boilers.
Boiler is of 25 T/Hr. These are once through, forced circulation boilers, Deaerators and Boiler feed pumps, serving all the 3 plants, are located at CDCP-1. BACK PRESSURE TURBINE STATION & CHILLED WATER PLANT NO.1(BPTS & CWP-1): The 40 KSCA steam generated in CDCP Boilers is utilized for driving 2 Nos.
Of 7.5 MW Back Pressure Turbines for generation of Power. The 2.5 ata exhaust steam is utilized for production of Chilled Water in CWP-1, The 7 ata extraction steam is used for process requirements of CO & CCP zone. The CWP-1 has 5 chillers installed, each capable of cooling 337 Cu. Meters of water per hour from 180C to 100C. The Chilled Water is supplied to Gas Coolers and for air conditioning needs of CO & CCP Zone.
BPTS and CWP-1 are housed in a single building located near Battery No.3 of CO & CCP zone. POWER DISTRIBUTION EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (220 KV) HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION f33/11/6.6KVl MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (BELOW 650V) LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (250 V AND BELOW) S C A D A GAS EXPANSION TURBINE STATION Both the Blast Furnaces of VSP are designed to operate at a high top pressure of 2.5 kg/sq.cm.
The high pressure BF Gas is cleaned in Gas cleaning plant and expanded in Gas Expansion Turbines driving electric generators. The BF gas after passing through the Turbine is fed to gas distribution network and is used at heating fuel in TPP & other units of VSR Each Blast Furnace is connected to a Gas Expansion Turbine of 12 MW capacity and 7.5 MW of power is expected to be generated by each of the turbine at full production level. GETS is located in BF zone, between two furnaces. POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SOURCES OF POWER APSEB SUPPLY NET WORK ESSENTIAL CATEGORY LOADS POWER TARRIF COAL BASED POWER PLANTS Advantages: They can respond to rapidly changing loads without difficulty.
A portion of the steam generated can be used as a process steam in different industries. Steam engines and turbines can work under 25% of overload continuously. Fuel used is cheaper. Cheaper in production cost in comparison with that of diesel power stations. Disadvantages: Maintenance and operating costs are high. Long time required for erection and putting into action. A large quantity of water is required.
Great difficulty experienced in coal handling. Presence of troubles due to smoke and heat in the plant. Unavailability of good quality coal. Maximum of heat energy lost. Problem of ash removing. CONCLUSION The project named “STUDY OF THERMAL POWER PLANT” in Visakhapatnam Steel Plant dealt with power production and power distribution in Visakhapatnam Steel Plant and different types of load based sub – stations, different types of faults generally occur in generators and protection given to them There are some departments like S.M.S, B.F, A.S.P, W.M.D, etc. Which are directly connected to Thermal Power plant should not have any interruption in supply of power.
In case, there is any failure of any generator in a T.I.E line that is connected main Thermal power Plant that will take power from APSEB so that there will be no problem of power interruption All the LBSS and GSB switch boards were provided with new over currents instantaneous relays to trip the feeders and also prevents the bus coupler to close in auto in case of Bus faults reliability of the system has become very high. Thus the reliability of the system is very high. Feeders are the transmission lines which transmit the electrical energy from generating stations to different distributing sub-stations.
STUDY OF THERMAL POWER PLANT MAIN EQUIPMENT OF TPP Boilers Turbo-Generator Turbo-Blower Chemical Water Treatment Plant CDCP Boilers Back Pressure Turbine Station Chilled Water Plant-1 & 2 Gas Expansion Turbine Station BOILER ACCESSORIES: Economizer: It is located below the LPSH in the boiler and above pre heater. It is there to improve the efficiency of boiler by extracting heat from flue gases to heat water and send it to boiler drum. Advantages of Economizer include 1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler plant. 2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and enter boiler tube at elevated temperature.
The heat transfer area required for evaporation reduced considerably. Air Preheater: The heat carried out with the flue gases coming out of economizer are further utilized for preheating the air before supplying to the combustion chamber. It is a necessary equipment for supply of hot air for drying the coal in pulverized fuel systems to facilitate grinding and satisfactory combustion of fuel in the furnace Reheater: Power plant furnaces may have a reheater section containing tubes heated by hot flue gases outside the tubes.
Exhaust steam from the high pressure turbine is rerouted to go inside the reheater tubes to pick up more energy to go drive intermediate or lower pressure turbines. AUXILIARIES OF TPP These include coal conveyors, cooling towers & pump house No.4 for cooling water system, pump houses for ash water, ash slurry, fire water and fuel oil & HSD, air compressor station emergency Diesel Generators, electric switch gear for power distribution, ventilation and air conditioning equipment etc. The entire power generated at Back Pressure Turbine Station and Gas Expansion Turbine Station is transmitted over 11 KV cable to power plant, stepped up through a 220 KV transformer at LBSS5 and transferred to plant grid Thermal Power Plant has 5 Boilers each of 330 T/hr. Steam capacity at 101 KSCA and 540oC.
The Boilers are of BHEL make, capable of firing combination of fuels namely Coal, Coke Oven Gas, Blast Furnace Gas and Oil. Crushed coal is conveyed from Raw Material Handling Plant to TPP through conveyors. The Coal is pulverized in Bow Mills and fired in the furnace. Normally 4 Boilers are kept in full load operation to produce 247.5 MW of power, supply steam to 2 Turbo Blowers and process needs.
Boilers outlet flue gas is passed through Electro Static Precipitators to control air pollution. The Fly ash and Bottom ash generated are pumped in slurry form to Ash Pond through on ground pipelines. The clarified water is recirculated back to ash system.
BOILERS TURBO GENERATORS: Thermal power plant has 4 Turbo Generators, three of 60 MW capacity each and the fourth 67.5 MW. Special features of the turbo sets are:- Electro Hydraulic Turbine Governing System. Controlled extractions at 13 ata and 4 ata for process steam needs in TG 1, 2 & 3. Central admission of steam to reduce axial thrust, Air cooled Generators. Power is generated and distributed at 11 KV for essential category loads. Excess power from TG- 1, 2 and 3 is transferred to 220 KV Plant Grid through step up/down transformers. All the Power Generated from TG-4 at 11 KV is stepped up through a 220 KV transformer and transferred to plant grid.
TURBO BLOWERS: VSP has 2 Blast Furnaces. To meet the blast air requirement, 3 Turbo Blowers, each of 6067 NM3/ min. Capacity, are installed at TPP.
These blowers are of axial type and are the largest blowers installed in India. To meet the varying needs of Blast Furnace, the blowers are provided with adjustable stator guide blades in the tower pressure compression stages. The blowers are provided with suction filters, precoolers and inter coolers. TURBO GENERATORS & BLOWERS CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT PLANT (CWTP): Chemical Water Treatment Plant located in TPP zone produces high purity Demineralized Water and Soft Water.
There are six streams of demineralizing units each capable of producing 125 cubic meters per hour and two softening units of 125 cu. Meters per hour each. DM water is supplied to TPP, Steel Melt Shop. CDCP Boilers at Coke Ovens and Roiling Mills, Soft water is supplied to Chilled Water Plant I, II and SMS mould cooling. The return condensate from Thermal Power Plant, Chilled Water Plant No.1 and Chilled Water Plant No.2 is polished at CWTP in 2 streams, each of 100 cub.M/hr.
All the demineralized water produced/polished at CWTP is deaerated and dosed with Ammonia before pumping to consumers. 6 deaerators are installed at CWTP for this purpose.
CHILLED WATER PLANT NO.2 (CWP-2): Chilled Water Plant No.2 located in TPP zone is having nine chillers, each having a chilling capacity of 337 cub. Meters of water per hour. The chillers operate on liquid absorption technique having Lithium Bromide cycle. The chilled water is supplied to TPP, Blast Furnace and Sinter Plant for air conditioning purpose at 70 C.
Aviation Power Plant Study Guide
The return water temperature is 160 C. Steam and cooling water requirements are met by TPP and Pump House No.4 respectively. CDCP, BPTS & CWP-1 COKE DRY COOLING PLANT (CDCP) BOILERS: In VSP, hot coke produced in the Coke Oven Batteries is cooled by circulating Nitrogen in Coke Dry Cooling Plant. The hot circulating gas is passed through Waste Heat Boilers in which steam is produced at 40 KSCA pressure and 4400 C temperature. There are three Coke Dry Cooling Plants, four Waste Heat Boilers. Boiler is of 25 T/Hr.
Thermal Power Plant Ppt
These are once through, forced circulation boilers, Deaerators and Boiler feed pumps, serving all the 3 plants, are located at CDCP-1. BACK PRESSURE TURBINE STATION & CHILLED WATER PLANT NO.1(BPTS & CWP-1): The 40 KSCA steam generated in CDCP Boilers is utilized for driving 2 Nos. Of 7.5 MW Back Pressure Turbines for generation of Power.
The 2.5 ata exhaust steam is utilized for production of Chilled Water in CWP-1, The 7 ata extraction steam is used for process requirements of CO & CCP zone. The CWP-1 has 5 chillers installed, each capable of cooling 337 Cu.
Meters of water per hour from 180C to 100C. The Chilled Water is supplied to Gas Coolers and for air conditioning needs of CO & CCP Zone. BPTS and CWP-1 are housed in a single building located near Battery No.3 of CO & CCP zone. POWER DISTRIBUTION EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (220 KV) HIGH VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION f33/11/6.6KVl MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (BELOW 650V) LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION (250 V AND BELOW) S C A D A GAS EXPANSION TURBINE STATION Both the Blast Furnaces of VSP are designed to operate at a high top pressure of 2.5 kg/sq.cm. The high pressure BF Gas is cleaned in Gas cleaning plant and expanded in Gas Expansion Turbines driving electric generators.
The BF gas after passing through the Turbine is fed to gas distribution network and is used at heating fuel in TPP & other units of VSR Each Blast Furnace is connected to a Gas Expansion Turbine of 12 MW capacity and 7.5 MW of power is expected to be generated by each of the turbine at full production level. GETS is located in BF zone, between two furnaces.
POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SOURCES OF POWER APSEB SUPPLY NET WORK ESSENTIAL CATEGORY LOADS POWER TARRIF COAL BASED POWER PLANTS Advantages: They can respond to rapidly changing loads without difficulty. A portion of the steam generated can be used as a process steam in different industries. Steam engines and turbines can work under 25% of overload continuously. Fuel used is cheaper. Cheaper in production cost in comparison with that of diesel power stations. Disadvantages: Maintenance and operating costs are high. Long time required for erection and putting into action.
Steam And Power Plant Study Guide
A large quantity of water is required. Great difficulty experienced in coal handling. Presence of troubles due to smoke and heat in the plant. Unavailability of good quality coal.
Maximum of heat energy lost. Problem of ash removing. CONCLUSION The project named “STUDY OF THERMAL POWER PLANT” in Visakhapatnam Steel Plant dealt with power production and power distribution in Visakhapatnam Steel Plant and different types of load based sub – stations, different types of faults generally occur in generators and protection given to them There are some departments like S.M.S, B.F, A.S.P, W.M.D, etc. Which are directly connected to Thermal Power plant should not have any interruption in supply of power. In case, there is any failure of any generator in a T.I.E line that is connected main Thermal power Plant that will take power from APSEB so that there will be no problem of power interruption All the LBSS and GSB switch boards were provided with new over currents instantaneous relays to trip the feeders and also prevents the bus coupler to close in auto in case of Bus faults reliability of the system has become very high. Thus the reliability of the system is very high. Feeders are the transmission lines which transmit the electrical energy from generating stations to different distributing sub-stations.